Psychological Continuity Of Personal Identity - 1655 Words

The question â€Å"What are we?† in an ontological sense is currently inconclusive and open for debate. Nevertheless, identifying a description of what we are not shall help uncover what we are. We are not a psychological continuity account of personal identity over time. Under this context, â€Å"psychological continuity† is defined as continuous mental states over time. For example, characteristics of one’s mind such as sentience, memory, and other mental faculties, must remain an uninterrupted continuum over time to be considered psychologically continuous. Additionally, under this context, the term â€Å"person† will hereafter refer to beings that have mental properties. Under philosophical context, the term â€Å"identity† is generally defined as its†¦show more content†¦Henceforth, to defend this argument, I shall introduce two schools of philosophical thought, one of which will support this argument, and the other of which will oppos e this argument. Thereafter, I shall conclude by showing that the opposing argument is unsound such that premise 1. and 2. shall thereafter be proven true. The canonical school of thought that is employed as a counter to the psychological continuity account of personal identity is one called animalism. Animalists argue that we are animals. Philosopher John Locke described animalism such that â€Å"An animal is a living organized body; and consequently the same animal †¦ is the same continued life communicated to different particles of matter, as they happened successively to be united to that organized living body †¦ This also shows wherein the identity of the same man consists; viz. in nothing but a participation of the same continued life, by constantly fleeting particles of matter, in succession vitally united to the same organized body.† Consequently, animalism implies that psychological continuity does not accurately describe what we are. For example, if a huma n is forced into a permanent comatose state for whatever reason, that human will cease to experience characteristic psychological events, nonetheless, she will still exist as an individual, i.e., she will still have a functioning cardiovascularShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Personal Identity Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIf persons persist over time then by what criteria do we determine their identity at different times? This is the issue of personal identity over time which continues to plague philosophers. What is it that allows me to say I am the same person today as I was yesterday or I will be tomorrow? Am I actually the same person? There has been no general consensus on the answer to this question. However many have proposed solutions to this question. When it comes to this hard problem of why persons lastRead MoreThe Psychological Approach Of Personal Identity And It s Persistence Over Time741 Words   |  3 Pagescome into play and reject the psychological approach to expl aining personal identity and it’s persistence over time; claims that continuity of the brain and memory are not enough to explain and confirm personal identity are made. These theories include the biological approach, the dualist theory, and the materialist approach from Shoemaker, which involves the memory theory. Through the review of these theories respectively, a clearer understanding of personal identity can be developed and argued forRead MorePersonal Identity And Social Identity1241 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophers have been struggling for centuries with solve how personal identity manifests itself in people, but they are especially concerned with how it carries over through space-time as a unique portion of the person said identity originates from. Philosophers are concerned with personal identity s connection to the physiology of human beings because of the immensely physical nature of the world we occupy. The physicalist perspective is also a stronger rational ba cking because the alternativeRead MoreEssay Personal Identity 1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe two positions of personal identity over-time consider whether we are ‘tracking persons’ or ‘human beings’. Through analysing Locke’s account of personal identity and his definition of a ‘person’, the first side of this argument will be explained. However in opposition to Locke’s theory, the second position that considers us as ‘human beings’ will also be assessed, as advocated by animalists such as Olson. In response to this examples of cases such as amnesia will also be taken into considerationRead MorePersonal Contiguity And Personal Identity736 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal identity is the unique numerical identity of a person in the course of his or her lifetime. Identification is necessary and sufficient conditions under which a person at one time and a person at another tie can be said to the same person, persisting thr ough time. Personal continuity or also called personal persistence in psychology, is the uninterrupted connection that concerns between a particular person of his or her private life and personality. Personal continuity is the property ofRead MorePersonal Identity Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of personal identity is one of the most rudimentary problems in philosophical thought. It can be thought of as the problem of explaining what makes a person at a certain time the same as a person at another time. Although it is generally, among non-philosophers, considered obvious that a person at one point in time is the same person as they progress through life (for example, few would dispute that the James Joyce who wrote Dubliners in 1914 is the same James Joyce that wrote Ulysses inRead MorePersonal Identity, Ethics, Relation, And Rationality1047 Words   |  5 Pagesissues of personal identity, ethics, relation and rationality. Parfit is of the argument that unless questions about identity are dealt with then it is not possible to tackle specific crucial questions like memory, responsibility and matters as survival. Personal identity is important as it helps in addressing certain vital questions. According to Parfit, survival does not require maintaining or preserving of identity but it is a common relation that needs pursuing apart from identity and the relationRead MoreHuman s Personality And Preferences May Change Over Time972 Words   |  4 PagesLocke proposed that consciousness, which is in this case memory is the key to determine identity. In this paper, I would discuss how memory as the mental states grounds the notion of psychological continuity. Raising the problem of circularity in the memory theory, I will explain how to amend the psychological continuity to avoid the problem. At first, philosophers used the same body theory to explain personal identity. They assume that a person at one time is the very same person as a person later ifRead MoreThe Body Theory1247 Words   |  5 Pages The personal identity problem is a philosophical conundrum that asks the question, what makes someone the same over time, or what characterizes the preservation of one’s identity? The term identity does not refer to the type of sameness identical twins have, or quantitative identity, but rather refers to numerical identity, that is for X and Y to be identical, everything possessed by X must also be possessed by Y (Leibniz’s Law). With this in mind, one might say they have the same body as they didRead MorePersonal Identity- Philosphy1036 Words   |  5 PagesIt is easy to see oneself as the same person we were ten, twenty, or fifty years ago. We can define identity through our physical presence, life experiences, memories, and mental awareness of self. One can testify our persistence as a person through our existence as a person. But what makes us the same person? In this paper, I will argue for the â€Å"simple† view of the persistence of identity – that it is impossible to determine what single thing that makes us the same person over time. I will support

The Impact of Scientific Revolution on Physics as an...

THE EFFECT OF SCIENTIFIC EVOLUTION ON PHYSICS AS AN INDEPENDENT FIELD OF STUDY INTRODUCTION The early period of the seventeenth century is known as the â€Å"scientific revolution† for the drastic changes evidenced approach to science . The word â€Å"revolution† connotes a period of turmoil and social upheaval where ideas about the world change severely and a completely new era of academic thought is ushered in. This term, therefore, describes quite accurately what took place in the scientific community following the sixteenth century. During the scientific revolution, medieval scientific philosophy was abandoned in favor of the new methods proposed by Bacon, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton; the importance of experimentation to the scientific†¦show more content†¦The Scientific Revolution outshines everything since the rise of Christianity and reduces the Renaissance and Reformation to the rank of mere episodes, mere internal displacements within the system of medieval Christianity. ITS EFFECT ON PHYSIC The overarching triumph of the Scientific Revolution was the gradual maturation of the scientific method. This period also witnessed the rise of scientific societies, most notably the Royal Society of London and the Acadà ©mie des Sciences of Paris.4 At the core of the Scientific Revolution are four astronomers: Copernicus, then Galileo and Kepler, then Newton. The birth of the Scientific Revolution is often traced to Copernicus, who finally refuted the Ptolemaic model with the first convincing model ofheliocentrism.3 This has earned him the title of father of modern astronomy. In the heliocentric model, the Earth orbits the sun (causing the seasons) and rotates (causing day and night). Yet the model was only gradually accepted, meeting with both scientific and (especially) theological resistance. Theologically, the heliocentric model was considered unacceptable as it diminished Earths apparent importance in the universe. If Copernicus was right, not only was the Earth not at the centre of everything, it was also a tiny ball of matter in the midst of staggeringly vast space. If the Earth is in constant motion around the sun, then at night the stars should appear to be constantlyShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History1311 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the language that is used for such interpretations, the language of power. Truth in history is a dubious concept since any event which involves certain outcomes would be interpreted by a number of experts. The outcomes of the events be it revolutions, wars, or reigns of monarchs and are usually appear in form of facts: toppling of governments, changes in ideologies and laws that societies are to adhere to, development or stagnation of the economy in a given country. These are the facts thatRead MorePsycho logy in Greek Philosophy, Paragraphs1403 Words   |  6 PagesParagraph 1 Many people have contributed to the filed of psychology. Three whom I believe made significant impacts are Socrates, Aristotle and Rene Descartes. In the following section, I will briefly discuss a bit about each individual, and then talk about which of the four archetypes they each fall under based on the information presented. Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who devoted his life and work to searching for moral good, virtue, and justice. He developed a methodRead MoreJoseph Needham s Impact On The Historiography Of Chinese Science And Technology3648 Words   |  15 PagesJoseph Needham’s impact on the historiography of Chinese Science and Technology (ST), arguing that his great achievements were marred by an East/West comparative approach, and that subsequent historians have only partly overcome these restrictions. His multi-volume Science and Civilization in China (1954-ongoing) single handedly thrust China into the Western-dominated historiography. Organized along the disciplinary lines of modern science, Needham sought to document every scientific concept and technologyRead MoreElectronic Media13295 Words   |  54 PagesNot Just a Matter of Time: Field Differences and the Shaping of Electronic Media in Supporting Scientific Communication Rob Kling Geoffrey McKim April 27, 2000 Indiana University School of Library and Information Science 10th Jordan, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA +1 812 855 5113 kling@indiana.edu, mckimg@indiana.edu Accepted for publication in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Abstract The shift towards the use of electronic media in scholarly communication appears to be anRead More Physics, Love, and Richard Feynman Essay4935 Words   |  20 PagesPhysics, Love, and Richard Feynman Introduction Physics. Love. These two words sum up the entities that Richard Feynman held most important throughout his entire life. An extraordinary individual, Feynman was able to combine an incredible mind with an incredible personality to achieve ends bordering on the magical. After Feynmans death in 1988, physicist Hans Bethe, paraphrasing the mathematician Mark Kac, spoke of two kinds of geniuses. He explained that the ordinary kind does great thingsRead MoreThe Creation Of Western Civilization2015 Words   |  9 Pagescivilization, however, was also was made obvious right from the start. The Greek’s attention on individuals arose from a slavery based society. The focus on individual rights created both a democratic system and an increase in learning, as well as scientific revolutions that would remain unique until the Renaissance. Adding onto the Greek groundwork, the Romans furthered another significant keystone of Western civilization; the establishment of laws. Through the colla pse of Rome and increasing Germanic barbarianRead MoreThe Evolution Of Science Theory3565 Words   |  15 Pagesnearly impossible to completely grasp science as anything other than a certain phenomenon. Luckily with the evolution of knowledge and the â€Å"founders† of science, we can better understand how things have come to be and if they’ll remain as such. Scientific knowledge has undergone an evolutionary shift starting with triumphalism and arriving at the present-day modern sciences including theories of evolution and an understanding of DNA as a double-helical molecule. Phenomenal pioneers such as AristotleRead MoreA Form Of Geometric Art Invented By The Famous Dutch Artist2670 Words   |  11 Pagesthe students at the Bauhaus were privileged enough to study under these original elementary artists and architects. Walter Gropius, a German-American artist, started referring to the architectural study at the school as a preparation for the life at modern industry . They believed the machine to be their contemporary instrument of design. Craft training helped the students to get an overall experience of their future life in their respective field and also prepared them to be equipped with the necessaryRead MoreComputer Graphics4299 Words   |  18 Pagesprofound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized animation, movies and the video game industry. Overview The term computer graphics has been used in a broad sense to describe almost everything on computers that is not text or sound. Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several different things: †¢ the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer †¢ the various technologies used to create and manipulate images †¢ the images so produced, and †¢ the sub-field of computerRead MoreSchool Of Immunity And Infection7583 Words   |  31 Pageswhat I’ve learned from that. Implementing such teaching in practice – case study and taking teaching concepts into Part 2. One size doesn’t fit all – differences in teaching different size groups Part 4. Marking and examination; Case study – MSc thesis†¦ Part 5. Feedback and improving on it - case study the design of the feeback questionnaire; suggestions for the future†¦ Part 6. Innovation in the class-room – case study with the â€Å"star concept†. Part 7. My plans for the future – becoming a better

The Life of Sammy Free Essays

It’s summer time in the 1960s in this small town located near Boston. The beach is near, the days are hot, and life is boring for a nineteen year old grocery clerk named Sammy. Sammy is a lost and lonely young man, who spent the majority of his work day scrutinizing each and every customer that walked through the door. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the very moment he would see them, he would sigh and psychologically pick them apart. Until one day, in walked three young girls wearing bikinis and his bitterness was temporarily put aside.Although immature and ignorant, this young man shows a softer side- sympathy. Throughout this short story, the reader is able to see the various attitudes and emotions of Sammy, who is sick of everyday regular-life, and is desperate for change. Sammy is an immature young man, who hates his job and thinks he knows how to treat customers. His boredom and carelessness at work effect his on-the-job performance: â€Å"I stood there with my hand on a box of HiHo crackers trying to remember if I rang it up or not.I ring it up again and the customer starts giving me hell. † He then goes on to talk about that particular customer to be the type to sit there and wait for him to make an error, then jump all over him when he finally does make a mistake. This is a perfect example of his immaturity. Also, Updike gives subtle hints to his immaturity. He mentions near the end of the story how his mother irons his clothes for work. The way he describes the customers, as barn-yard animals, is very degrading, and could also be related to his hatred for this job.Because he hates his job so much, and is so bored with his surroundings, Sammy has nothing better to do than to analyze every customer, with intricate detail. So one day in walks three young girls wearing nothing but bikinis. Now as you can imagine not much excites Sammy at the AP, so when he feasted his eyes on the girls, he started to pick them apart. Immediately he started observing their most intimate details. He even went as far as giving them their own alias. There was one girl he showed most interest in, he called her â€Å"Queenie. He gave her this name because she appeared to be the leader of the three girls. Another one he called â€Å"plaid,† because of the plaid suit she was wearing- he also called her â€Å"chunky. † And the third one he referred to as â€Å"big tall gooney gooney,† due to her height and what Sammy observed, â€Å"to have the sort of striking features other girls pretend to admire because they know she’s no real competition to them. † To Sammy, other customers are â€Å"witches,† and â€Å"pigs. † In fact, he is so bored at work he even makes a song out of the chimes and noises made by the cash register.This young boy Sammy is still trying to find his place in this world, and seems very lost at times. With the sudden decision to quit, and his mockery of his co-worker, Stokesie. Sammy pokes fun at Stoksie for being married with kids, and said how Stoksie â€Å"thinks he’s going to be manager some sunny day. † Obviously, starting a family and having a manager job is not something that interests Sammy. However, back in the 1960s, it was common to be married with children by the age of 20, and Sammy is nowhere near that.Upon quitting his job, his boss Lengel, reminds him that he is making a bad decision, but he goes through with it. He now has no job and no plans for future employment. Although his immaturity is broadly displayed, Sammy also shows signs of sympathy and resentment as the story goes on. Now, unlike Updike and the other customers, Sammy is not quick to judge the girls. When Lengel scolds the girls for their inappropriate attire, Sammy is immediately displeased and he feels he needs to defend them. He does so by suddenly quitting his job- a desperate attempt to impress the girls.Another display of Sammys sympathetic side is shown when another co-worker, McMahon, is approached by the three girls. The girls ask him a question, he points, they walk away and Sammy remarks, â€Å"all that was left for us to see was old McMahon patting his mouth and looking after them sizing up their joints. Poor kids, I began to feel sorry for them, they couldn’t help it. † Lastly, the point where Sammy leaves the store after quitting, is where we see resentment. Sammy stands in the parking lot gazing inside through the window. His stomach drops and he remarks â€Å"I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter.It was at that point the had realized what he had done, feeling sorry for Lengel, and himself. In conclusion, Sammy has some serious soul searching to do, and he needs to find his place in life. His lack of morals, irresponsibility, and immaturity are effecting him in several ways shown in this story. The way he looks at people- whether he is physically attracted to them or not- needs to drastically change or he will continue to have struggles throughout his life. He must also change his values and what is most important to him if he wants more out of life. How to cite The Life of Sammy, Essays

The Art Of A Short Story Ernest Hemingway Essay Example For Students

The Art Of A Short Story Ernest Hemingway Essay Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois. His father was the owner of a prosperous real estate business. His father, Dr. Hemingway, imparted to Ernest the importance of appearances, especially in public. Dr. Hemingway invented surgical forceps for which he would not accept money. He believed that one should not profit from something important for the good of mankind. Ernests father, a man of high ideals, was very strict and censored the books he allowed his children to read. He forbad Ernests sister from studying ballet for it was coeducational, and dancing together led to hell and damnation. Grace Hall Hemingway, Ernests mother, considered herself pure and proper. She was a dreamer who was upset at anything which disturbed her perception of the world as beautiful. She hated dirty diapers, upset stomachs, and cleaning house; they were not fit for a lady. She taught her children to always act with decorum. She adored the singing of the birds and the sme ll of flowers. Her children were expected to behave properly and to please her, always. Mrs. Hemingway treated Ernest, when he was a small boy, as if he were a female baby doll and she dressed him accordingly. This arrangement was alright until Ernest got to the age when he wanted to be a gun-toting Pawnee Bill. He began, at that time, to pull away from his mother, and never forgave her for his humiliation. The town of Oak Park, where Ernest grew up, was very old fashioned and quite religious. The townspeople forbad the word virgin from appearing in school books, and the word breast was questioned, though it appeared in the Bible. Ernest loved to fish, canoe and explore the woods. When he couldnt get outside, he escaped to his room and read books. He loved to tell stories to his classmates, often insisting that a friend listen to one of his stories. In spite of his mothers desire, he played on the football team at Oak Park High School. As a student, Ernest was a perfectionist about his grammar and studied English with a fervor. He contributed articles to the weekly school newspaper. It seems that the principal did not approve of Ernests writings and he complained, often, about the content of Ernests articles. Ernest was clear about his writing; he wanted people to see and feel and he wanted to enjoy himself while writing. Ernest loved having fun. If nothing was happening, mischievous Ernest made something happen. He would sometimes use forbidden words just to create a ruckus. Ernest, though wild and crazy, was a warm, caring individual. He loved the sea, mountains and the stars and hated anyone who he saw as a fake. During World War I, Ernest, rejected from service because of a bad left eye, was an ambulance driver, in Italy, for the Red Cross. Very much like the hero of A Farewell to Arms, Ernest is shot in his knee and recuperates in a hospital, tended by a caring nurse named Agnes. Like Frederick Henry, in the book, he fell in love with the nurse and was given a medal for his heroism. Ernest returned home after the war, rejected by the nurse with whom he fell in love. He would party late into the night and invite, to his house, people his parents disapproved of. Ernests mother rejected him and he felt that he had to move from home. He moved in with a friend living in Chicago and he wrote articles for The Toronto Star. In Chicago he met and then married Hadley Richardson. She believed that he should spend all his time in writing, and bought him a typewriter for his birthday. They decided that the best place for a writer to live was Paris, where he could devote himself to his writing. He said, at the time, that the most difficult thing to write about was being a man. They could not live on income from his stories and so Ernest, again, wrote for The Toronto Star. Ernest took Hadley to Italy to show her where he had been during the war. He was devastated, everything had changed, everything was destroyed. Hadley became pregnant and was sick all the time. She and Ernest decided to move to Canada. He had, by then written three stories and ten poems. Hadley gave birth to a boy who they named John Hadley Nicano Hemingway. Even though he had his family Ernest was unhappy and decided to return to Paris. It was in Paris that Ernest got word that a publisher wanted to print his book, In Our Time, but with some changes. The publisher felt that the sex was to blatant, but Ernest refused to change one word. Around 1925, Ernest started writing a novel about a young man in World War I, but had to stop after a few pages, and proceeded to write another novel, instead. This novel was based on his experiences while living in Pamplona, Spain. He planned on calling this book Fiesta, but changed the name to The Sun Also Rises, a saying from the Bible. This book, as in his other books, shows Hemingway obsessed with death. In 1927, Ernest found himself unhappy with his wife and son. They decided to divorce and he married Pauline, a woman he had been involved with while he was married to Hadley. A year later, Ernest was able to complete his war novel which he called A Farewell to Arms. The novel was about the pain of war, of finding love in this time of pain. It portrayed the battles, the retreats, the fears, the gore and the terrible waste of war. This novel was well-received by his publisher, Max Perkins,but Ernest had to substitute dashes for the dirty language. Ernest used his life when he wrote; using everything he did and everything that ever happened to him. He nevertheless remained a private person; wanting his stories to be read but wanting to be left alone. He once said, Dont look at me. Look at my words. A common theme throughout Hemingways stories is that no matter how hard we fight to live, we end up defeated, but we are here and we must go on. At age 31 he wrote Death in the Afternoon, about bullfighting in his beloved Spain. Ernest was a restless man; he traveled all over the United States, Europe, Cuba and Africa. At the age of 37 Ernest met the woman who would be his third wife; Martha Gellhorn, a writer like himself. He went to Spain, he said, to become an antiwar Correspondent, and found that war was like a club where everyone was playing the same game, and he was never lonely. Martha went to Spain as a war correspondent and they lived together. He knew that he was hurting Pauline, but like his need to travel and have new experiences, he could not stop himself from getting involved with women. In 1940 he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls and dedicated it to Martha, whom he married at the end of that year. He found himself traveling betwe en Havana, Cuba and Ketchum, Idaho, which he did for the rest of his life. During World War II, Ernest became a secret agent for the United States. He suggested that he use his boat, the Pillar, to surprise German submarines and attack them with hidden machine guns. It was at this time that Ernest, always a drinker, started drinking most of his days away. He would host wild, fancy parties and did not write at all during the next three years. At wars end, Ernest went to England and met an American foreign correspondent named Mary Welsh. He divorced Martha and married Mary in Havana, in 1946. Ernest was a man of extremes; living either in luxury or happy to do without material things. Ernest, always haunted by memories of his mother, would not go to her funeral when she died in 1951. He admitted that he hated his mothers guts. Ernest wrote The Old Man and the Sea in only two months. He was on top of the world, the book was printed by Life Magazine and thousands of copies were sold in the United States. This novel and A Farewell to Arms were both made into movies. In 1953 he went on a safari with Mary, and he was in heaven hunting big game. Though Ernest had a serious accident, and later became ill, he could never admit that he had any weaknesses; nothing would stop him, certainly not pain. In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Toward the end, Ernest started to travel again, but almost the way that someone does who knows that he will soon die. He suddenly started becoming paranoid and to forget things. He became obsessed with sin; his upbringing was showing, but still was inconsistent in his behavior. He never got over feeling like a bad person, as his father, mother and grandfather had taught him. In the last year of his life, he lived inside of his dreams, similar to his mother, who he hated with all his heart. He was suicidal and had electric shock treatments for his depression and strange behavior. On a Sunday morning, July 2, 1961, Ernest Miller Hem ingway killed himself with a shotgun. Rice Production and Consumption Trends in Negros O EssayErnest Hemingway takes much of the storyline of his novel, A Farewell to Arms, from his personal experiences. The main character of the book, Frederick Henry, often referred to as Tenete, experiences many of the same situations which Hemingway, himself, lived. Some of these similarities are exact while some are less similar, and some events have a completely different outcome. Hemingway, like Henry, enjoyed drinking large amounts of alcohol. Both of them were involved in World War I, in a medical capacity, but neither of them were regular army personnel. Like Hemingway, Henry was shot in his right knee, during a battle. Both men were Americans, but a difference worth noting was that Hemingway was a driver for the American Red Cross, while Henry was a medic for the Italian Army. In real life, Hemingway met his love, Agnes, a nurse, in the hospital after being shot; Henry met his love, Catherine Barkley, also a nurse, before he was shot and hospitalized. In both cases, the relationships with these women were strengthened while the men were hospitalized. Another difference is that Hemingways romance was short-lived, while, the book seemed to indicate that, Henrys romance, though they never married, was strong and would have lasted. In A Farewell to Arms, Catherine and her child died while she was giving birth, this was not the case with Agnes who left Henry for an Italian Army officer. It seems to me that the differences between the two men were only surface differences. They allowed Hemingway to call the novel a work of fiction. Had he written an autobiography the book would probably not have been well-received because Hemingway was not, at that time, a well known author. Although Hemingway denied critics views that A Farewell to Arms was symbolic, had he not made any changes they would not have been as impressed with the war atmosphere and with the naivete of a young man who experiences war for the first time. Hemingway, because he was so private, probably did not want to expose his life to everyone, and so the slight changes would prove that it was not himself and his own experiences which he was writing about. I believe that Hemingway had Catherine and her child die, not to look different from his own life, but because he had a sick and morbid personality. There is great power in being an author, you can make things happen which do not necessarily occur in real life. It is obvious that Hemingway felt, as a young child and throughout his life, powerless, and so he created lives by writing stories. Hemingway acted out his feelings of inadequacy and powerlessness by hunting, drinking, spending lots of money and having many girlfriends. I think that Hemingway was obsessed with death and not too sane. His obsession shows itself in the morbid death of Miss Barkley and her child. Hemingway was probably very confused about religion and sin and somehow felt or feared that people would or s hould be punished for enjoying lifes pleasures. Probably, the strongest reason for writing about Catherine Barkleys death and the death of her child was Hemingways belief that death comes to everyone; it was inevitable. Death ends life before you have a chance to learn and live. He writes, in A Farewell to Arms, They threw you in and told you the rules and the first time they caught you off base they killed you. they killed you in the end. You could count on that. Stay around and they would kill you. Hemingway, even in high school, wrote stories which showed that people should expect the unexpected. His stories offended and angered the principal of his school. I think that Hemingway liked shocking and annoying people; he was certainly rebellious. If he would have written an ending where Miss Barkley and her child had lived, it would have been too easy and common; Hemingway was certainly not like everyone else, and he seemed to be proud of that fact. Even the fact that Hemingway wro te curses and had a lot of sex in his books shows that he liked to shock people. When his publisher asked that he change some words and make his books more acceptable to people, Hemingway refused, then was forced to compromise. I think that the major difference between Hemingway and Henry was hat Henry was a likable and normal person while Hemingway was strange and very difficult. Hemingway liked doing things his way and either people had to accept him the way he was or too bad for them. I think that Hemingway probably did not even like himself and that was one reason that he couldnt really like other people. Hemingway seemed to use people only for his own pleasure, and maybe he wanted to think that he was like Henry who was a nicer person. In the book, Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Farewell to Arms, Malcolm Cowley focuses on the symbolism of rain. He sees rain, a frequent occurrence in the book, as symbolizing disaster. He points out that, at the beginning of A Farewell to Arms, Henry talks about how things went very badly and how this is connected to At the start of the winter came permanent rain. Later on in the book we see Miss Barkley afraid of rain. She says, Sometimes I see me dead in it, referring to the rain. It is raining the entire time Miss Barkley is in childbirth and when both she and her baby die. Wyndham Lewis, in the same book of critical essays, points out that Hemingway is obsessed with war, the setting for much of A Farewell to Arms. He feels that the author sees war as an alternative to baseball, a sport of kings. He says that the war years were a democratic, a levelling, school. For Hemingway, raised in a strict home environment, war is a release; an opportunity to show that he is a real man. The essayist, Edgar Johnson says that for the loner it is society as a whole that is rejected, social responsibility, social concern abandoned. Lieutenant Henry, like Hemingway, leads a private life as an isolated individual. He socializes w ith the officers, talks with the priest and visits the officers brothel, but those relationships are superficial. This avoidance of real relationships and involvement do not show an insensitive person, but rather omeone who is protecting himself from getting involved and hurt. It is clear that in all of Hemingways books and from his own life that he sees the world as his enemy. Johnson says, He will solve the problem of dealing with the world by taking refuge in individualism and isolated personal relationships and sensations. John Killinger says that it was inevitable that Catherine and her baby would die. The theme, that a person is trapped in relationships, is shown in all Hemingways stories. In A Farewell to Arms Catherine asks Henry if he feels trapped, now that she is pregnant. He admits that he does, maybe a little. This idea, points out Killinger, is ingrained in Hemingways thinking and that he was not too happy about fatherhood. In Cross Country Snow, Nick Regrets that he h as to give up skiing in the Alps with a male friend to return to his wife who is having a baby. In Hemingways story Hills Like White Elephants the man wants his sweetheart to have an abortion so that they can continue as they once lived. In To Have and Have Not, Richard Gordon took his wife to that dirty aborting horror. Catherines death, in A Farewell to Arms, saves the authors hero from the hell of a complicated life.

Profile in ethical leadership

Overview of President Bush’s actions George Bush was the most vocal promoter of military acts against Iraq thus spearheading its invasion. His actions prior and during this affront highlight his intentions to engage in war. Subsequently, Bush sought permission to engage in war through congress. Bush coerced states aligned to NATO to join the incursion. Bush lied on several occasions with respect to the actual state of affairs when put to task by regulatory authorities at an internal level (CNN, 2010). Bush misinterpreted preliminary report indicating the likely presence of such weapons. Bush believed he was restoring America’s supremacy. Current issues prior to the War against Iraq Bush initiated the war in order to make a statement about Americas might as a superpower after the radical attacks on 9/11. His desire to prove America’s supremacy was his main undoing. This is because it forced him into a series of erroneous judgments. These strategies eventually le d to the unnecessary invasion of Iraq, which cost the country billions of dollars and lives of industrious service men. The most regrettable aftermath of this occurrence was the death of millions of civilians while others lost their homes (Chauhan, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Profile in ethical leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is noteworthy that America participated actively in the crusade against terrorism. Moreover, it joined efforts with Israel to fight perpetrators of the heinous act. It is noteworthy that most of these perpetrators hailed from the Arab world. In addition, these attacks have prompted many heads of state to invest in fortification mechanisms for their countries. This is in a bid to minimize threats since such attacks might occur in the future. Consequently, several states established a tribunal to investigate the availability and circulation of illegal weapon ry of mass obliteration. This team had the responsibility of establishing the most probable locations, which could house terrorists (Mahnken, 2007). President Bush, who persuaded America’s allies to join the warfare against Iraq, quickly took up a preliminary report that indicated the likely presence of lethal weapons in Iraq. This depicts poor judgment, since a leader in his position ought to have exercised patience and waited for the conclusion of investigation on the matter. This is prior to adopting conclusive results. In addition, he should have adjusted the military calendar and scrutinized the reports. This is because most of the mentioned sites lacked credible weapons that posed a danger to humanity (Chauhan, 2003). Perceived motivation of President Bush Several reasons influenced President Bush’s decision to authorize the attack on Iraq. He based this action on claims that armaments of mass annihilation and other illegal artillery were present in Iraq. It is n oteworthy that such allegations are unsubstantiated to date. Since Saddam opted not to cooperate with the Bush administration, the latter used his authority to overthrow him forcefully and assume control of the nation and its vast resources. Bush further claimed that his Iraqi counterpart exuded dictatorial tendencies. This technique of leadership is different from the democratic system evident in the country and other western nations. Fears of Saddam’s widespread influence among regional states also influenced his resolution to attack Iraq. He propagated his imperialist habits by indicating that he was transferring democracy to suppressed people in the gulf nation.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It goes without question that President Bush was out to restore America’s deflated pride, especially after its vulnerabilities were evident in the radical affronts ca rried out within it by terrorist groups. His poor judgment is further evident when he chooses to focus on sentiments, as opposed to the rationale and facts (Middle East Online, 2010). He disregarded the advice of experts, who clearly pointed out the absence of illegal weapons as exemplified in previous intelligence briefs. Impact of his actions on America and its citizens His actions have placed the populace at a precarious position due to increased threat of attack from rebel groups. This is because America’s attack on Iraq provoked these groups; hence, they want to revenge. Additionally, the war caused harm to innocent civilians. Most importantly, the Islam religion often viewed such attacks as a means of revenge. Consequently, their faith allows such actions. After the war, America’s popularity reduced drastically. This is because other groups still believe that it is extremely aggressive; furthermore, it holds little regard for humanity and the rights of other pers ons. Its foreign policy has been subject to ridicule on several occasions. Its enemies successfully portray it as a nation of intolerant and self-seeking persons. Consequently, most of its nationals are subjects of suspicion. This is without assessing the nobility of their intentions (Profita, 2007). However, this is not fair since one cannot judge the entire American society basing on the actions of Bush. Most importantly, these attacks weakened the economies of both nations. It is noteworthy that the latest financial crisis is a resultant attribute of this war. This is because the defense budget increased tremendously, thus affecting other sectors of the economy. This had a negative influence on the economy; furthermore, the unsustainable projects bore fewer returns. This implied that minimal finances were recovered, hence deficits in the American budget. References Chauhan, S. (2003). War on Iraq. New Delhi: S.B NANGIA, A.P.H Publishing Corporation. CNN. (2010). Timeline: Major e vents in Iraq since the start of the war. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/03/19/timeline.iraq/index.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Profile in ethical leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mahnken, T. (2007). War in Iraq: planning and execution. New York, NY: Routledge Publishers. Middle East online. (2010). Blix accuses Bush, Blair of ‘poor judgment’. Retrieved from: https://middle-east-online.com/en Profita, H. (2007). Bush’s Iraq Plan Collapses. CBS News. Retrieved from: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bushs-iraq-plan-collapses/ This research paper on Profile in ethical leadership was written and submitted by user Cruz U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a  variety of American English spoken by many African Americans. It has been called by many other names that are sometimes offensive, including African American English, black English, black English vernacular, ebonics, negro dialect, nonstandard negro English, black talk, blaccent, or blackcent. AAVE originated in the slave plantations of the American South, and it shares a number of phonological and grammatical features with Southern dialects of American English. Many African Americans are bi-dialectal in AAVE and Standard American English. Several concepts are related to this complex topic, including: African-American RhetoricBe  DeletionCode SwitchingDialect PrejudiceDiglossiaDouble CopulaDozensDummy  ItEthnic DialectInvariant  BeMetathesisNegative ConcordSerial VerbsSignifyingSubject-Auxiliary Inversion (SAI)West African Pidgin EnglishZero Copula and Zero Possessive Examples and Observations In line with evolving trends within the larger community, linguists use African American English instead of Black English (or even older terms like Non-Standard Negro English) for the English of African Americans, a continuum of varieties ranging from the most mainstream or standard speech (like Bryant Gumbels, virtually indistinguishable from the formal speech of white and other Americans), to the most vernacular or non-mainstream variety. It was to focus on this latter variety that Labov (1972) first started referring to it as Black English vernacular. African American Vernacular English is simply the most recent variety of that term, the one most widely used among linguists...The term Ebonics, which was first coined in 1973 by a group of Black scholars...from ebony (black) and phonics (sound, the study of sound) (R. Williams, 1975)...is regarded by many if not most linguists as very similar if not identical to AAVE in terms of the features and varieties it designates. (Rickford, African American Vernacular English) [C]ontributing to the evolution of American English was the migration of blacks from the South after the Civil War to urban areas of the north. They took their Southern speech patterns with them, including all of the linguistic forms that had been incorporated into the grammatical structure of speech among slaves. Unlike most white immigrants to urban centers, who eventually adopted local dialects, blacks generally remained isolated in impoverished ghettos and as a result, retained their dialect. This physical isolation contributed to linguistic isolation and the maintenance of African American vernacular English (AAVE). The retention of unique linguistic forms, racism, and educational apartheid have since led to numerous misconceptions of this dialect. (Baugh, Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice) The Two Components of AAVE It is proposed that AAVE consists of two distinct components: the General English [GE] component, which is similar to the grammar of OAD [Other American Dialects], and the African-American [AA] component. These two components are not tightly integrated with each other, but follow internal patterns of strict co-occurrence...The AA component is not a complete grammar, but a subset of grammatical and lexical forms that are used in combination with much but not all of the grammatical inventory of GE. (Labov, Coexistent Systems in African-American English) Origin of AAVE On one level, the origin of African American English in the USA will always be a matter of speculation. Written records are sporadic and incomplete, and open to interpretation; demographic information about language use is also selective and largely anecdotal. Furthermore, great variation was exhibited in the speech of Africans when they were first brought to the New World and to colonial America, as indicated in references to black speech in slave advertisements and court records (Brasch, 1981). It is also indisputable that English-lexifier Creole languages developed and continue to flourish in the African diaspora - from coastal West Africa to coastal North America - and that the middle passage for some Africans brought to colonial America included exposure to these creoles (Kay and Cary, 1995; Rickford, 1997, 1999; Winford, 1997). Beyond these acknowledgments, however, the origin and status of early African American speech has been and continues to be vigorously disputed. (Wolfram, The Development of African American English) Sources Baugh, John.  Out of the Mouths of Slaves: African American Language and Educational Malpractice. University of Texas, 1999.Labov, William. â€Å"Coexistent Systems in African-American English.†Ã‚  The Structure of African-American English, edited by Salikoko S. Mufwene, et al., Routledge, 1998, pp. 110–153.Rickford, John Russell.  African American Vernacular English: Features, Evolution, Educational Implications. Blackwell, 2011.Wolfram, Walt, and Erik R. Thomas.  The Development of African American English. 1st ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2002.

Service Sector Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service Sector Growth - Essay Example Other services include those that assist firms in conduct of operations within the regulatory regime, such as auditing and legal services. (Innovation : 2006). Thus these diverse services most of them knowledge based are supplementing traditional services as banking, tourism and leisure. This broad expanse now falling within the ambit of services has placed greater emphasis on the use of science and technology and innovation in this field. The internationalization of technology and its impact on national competitiveness also has a significant influence on the services sector. While traditionally services such as banking, retailing, business processing have not been considered amenable to research and development and innovation as compared to other emerging services such as software development and genetic engineering, this appears far from the truth. Thus innovation can also be employed for creation of growth in the services sector. (SETI : 2004). There is a growing trend which shows that a substantial amount of research and development is occurring in the services sector. While new products and processes were not unknown in the services sector but innovation in services more often related to changes in how, where and when a service is delivered. For instance, electronic banking is an innovative way to provide traditional banking services at home at any time. The growth of knowledge based work along with technological change and competition has also highlighted the need for innovation. Knowledge based work implies non routine, cognitive skills as abstract reasoning, problem solving, communication and collaboration which contribute to the services sector. However, services innovation need not be linked to changes in technology. Fast-food chains, like McDonalds, have applied innovative changes in delivery to obtain fast track growth in diverse geographic areas. To ensure that growth is constant and non linear, it is essential that the services sector is supported by suitable science, technology and innovations policies. Where policies are prevalent there is a need to review them to enable their rationalizing with the markets. (Future of Work: 2004). Innovation policy frameworks also need to focus on non technological facets of the services sector. This will come about once problems in traditional research and development activities have been recognized and importance is given to interactive people oriented actions. (SETI : 2004). The developed World is well aware of this need. Thus the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy at Ministerial Level has emphasized the importance of the policies for knowledge creation and innovation for sustainable economic growth and social well being. (Science : 2004). The need to involve the research enterprise and involve civil society and business in governance of public research has also bee n identified. The policy design is said to include an interface between innovation and science systems to harness benefits from investments in research. This will also facilitate effective industry science linkages. Policy Initiatives Fostering Growth Patents and copyrights are an essential part of the services industry particularly those related to information technology, knowledge creation

The pros and cons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The pros and cons - Essay Example This implies that it is up to the students to cultivate a positive attitude that will enable them make use of the available resources including the tutoring programs available and professors’ abilities. Amongst the most important duties for students is to ensure that they fully and actively participate in each and every class. For this to be effective, students have to prepare for their class session by carrying extensive personal studies. A lecturer might work hard to create a new Communications 100 class to help students prepare for the SPEECH 100/102 but if the students are not willing to study and prepare for the class, it would be of no use and as the old saying goes, one can lead a horse to water but cannot force it to drink the water. The notion that only students who have completed or exempted from ENG088 and ENG 094 can register for SPE 100/102 can therefore do not apply because their passing or exemption is not a guarantee that they will pass the SPEECH 100/102. Simply, if all students in SPEECH 100/102 try to do their best and follow their professor’s direction well, failing and dropping-out will not take place. SPE102 is taught with sufficient and efficient directions from the professors thus making it easier to catch up in class without the need for a remedial or a developmental class. Before students prepare for any speech, the professor involved gives specific directions and sets of examples to aid them in their speech. The professor also encourages the students and helps them to gain confidence and deal with nervousness. Personally, my professor Ritchery Lee, clearly explains to us what we are suppose to do and elaborates using specific examples. For instance, at the begging of this semester, he explained how we are supposed to prepare our speeches using visual aids and mind-control skills. I also realized that every time we moved to a different speech, he became more specific and gave us specific instructions. At one time before we made

Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style Essay

Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style - Essay Example The essay "Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style" discusses the role of fashion in the changing of style. Irrespective of the degree of change in style; we are going through a phase of fashion revolution. The following factors are responsible for the continual change in fashion. The change in the society or social trends is highly evident if we focus on the dress of women. Over the years the style of dressing of women has undergone a considerable change. This can be attributed to the emancipation, equality and independence of women. There has been a remarkable change in the attitudes of and towards women and this attitudinal change is directly linked with their dresses. The past century has experienced the change in the dress of women the most. Before 1920’s women used to be confined indoors. Slowly they started venturing outside. They started attending social events and their past time included outdoor games in the early part of 20th century. So their dresses underwent changes providing them freedom in movement. Some even started moving out of homes for becoming career women. The outcome was a further change in their attitudes and style of their dresses. Emphasis was given on their comfort as they started spending long hours outside. Another indication of changing times and changing fashions was the vogue for the tango. Tango teas and tango parties became all the rage well before 1914†¦slinky dresses with their slit hems were ideally suited to the fashionable contortions. of the new dance, for which the traditional tea-gown would have been utterly incongruous. (p.77) While researching the style during 1930's, Ewing (1975) has observed: Where all kinds of women were leading busy, active lives, simple fashions were desirable for ordinary daily comings and goings, with the luxury of long low-cut gowns reserved for evenings. At this time evening dress were worn very widely in Britain on a great variety of occasions and by the working girl and the middle class housewife as well as by the Duchess and debutante. (p.111) With the advent of beach custom, fashion changed again as the favorite past time drifted from games to sun tanning on the beach. During the 1950's the most remarkable change in the swimming costume was the introduction of bikinis. The new independent superwomen of the 21st century, with their jobs, their money and secure futures are following new fashion with leaps and bounds. They are choosing dresses that enhance their personality as well as enable them to carry out the responsibilities of their jobs with ease. Since they are financially strong they are always in look of something different and this is one of the reasons why fashion is changing rapidly and continually. Other social trend that brought a change in fashion was the growing self-sufficiency of the middle class and men's interest in looking better. Gone are the days when fashion was considered to be the domain of only rich and famous or those belonging to the fairer sex. Today fashion has no barriers. Rich and not so rich, men and women, young and old and even children are becoming fashion conscious. So whatever style, the rich are following, are being followed by the poor also. The same designs are being copied on shoestring budgets by compromising a little on the quality

Factors Affecting the Oxidation of Iron Alloys

Factors Affecting the Oxidation of Iron Alloys Abstract This paper is about the prevention of the formation of Iron Oxide. For the purpose of this investigation three coatings have been electroplated to the steel electrodes. The electrodes were then placed next to a salt solution approximately the same as that of ocean water .The mass changes in the metal were then measured and placed into a data table. From this data table I made a column graph to clearly show how the effects of each of the coatings had on the rate of oxidation of the steel electrodes. The mass change of the electrodes was shown through the measuring of these electrodes both before and after the two week space of time in which they were allowed to rust. The results that were obtained from the investigation have proved to be conclusive with the hypothesis that was suggested. This shows that the best way of protecting metal from corrosion was through the usage of copper as a complete coating of the electrode. This action also showed that current methods of galvanization protected some areas but as soon as there was any disturbance in the surface of the metal the corrosion of the iron took hold and rust was formed where the zinc oxide layer receded from. The overall way that the three coatings worked was that copper was the best followed by zing and finally the nickel coating proved to be worst actually accelerating the decomposition of the steel electrode. Introduction The destruction of steel around the ocean’s salty air has been a consistent battle by both fishermen and mariners throughout history. Growing up around the ocean has left me with little doubt about the destructive power of the oceans salty air. The formation of Iron III Oxide and Iron II Oxide more commonly known as rust has always been a problem affecting the local ocean side businesses. The problem of rusting has been around for thousands of years from when man first began to create things made of steel. The first early processes to prevent rusting were to simply cover the metal in animal fat or oil this hydrophobic covering was the main way in which materials were treated to prevent the buildup of iron oxide. The invention of electroplating of metals changed how metals were treated thereafter. Having and interest in maritime transport and seeing how the massive hulls of ships were constructed from steel. Steel has tendency to rust as well as to become highly susceptible to the effects of salt water. Salt water is an aqueous sodium chloride solution acts as an electrolyte solution which allows for rusting to occur at a more significant rate. The prevention of rusting of the hulls of ships is to attach zinc blocks to the hulls of ships. I became aware of this method because one day as I was diving I saw a round block that was attached to the engine of our skiff. When I asked what it was my father told me it was a zinc block. The zinc block reacts with the salt water to create a basic solution which prevents the formation of the iron oxide on the hulls of these tankers. Another method that is commonly used by mariners to combat the ever-present effects of the oxidation on the building materials is a process known as galvanization. Galvanization is the process by which a thin layer of zinc is electrically fused onto the surface of the steel. This fusing of zinc to the surface of the steel is known as electroplating. The electro plating of various metals t o the surface of steel has been used as both a way to decorate the steel and as a ways of protecting the surfaces from either corrosion or the buildup of an oxide layer. The usage of copper as a coating was originally used when huge sheets of hammered copper were affixed to the hulls of ships to prevent drill worms from entering the wood as well as to prevent the buildup of bio fouling organic material such as moss or barnacles because copper oxide is mildly poisonous. I wanted to investigate whether metals that experienced similar resistance to oxidation also proved to be beneficial in the coating of steel to prevent the buildup the damaging iron oxides. I have also seen that nickel copper and zinc have each been used in the coating of metals for both the purposes of chemical prevention of degradation of coated metal to decorative uses. Back ground information The composition of sea water (sodium chloride solution) Ocean water is usually around 35 parts per thousand of salt vs water this means that the sodium chloride content in salt water is around 3.5% of the total volume. Therefore in 1 kg of salt water there is 35grams of salt. (Seawater 01 Apr 2014) The composition of steel Steel is an iron alloy which consists of: Plain Steel Carbon 1.35% Is used to strengthen the iron in the composition of steel Manganese 1.65% Is to react with the sulphur in the composition of steel and this reaction increases the heat resistance of the steel. Phosphorous .04% Used to reduce the corrosion present on the surface of the steel Sulfur .05% May cause steel to become too porous and prone to cracking if the manganese mixture is not correct. Silicon .06% Acts as a deoxidizer in the steel making process (â€Å"Steel† January 06 2014) Rusting chemical equations: [The rusting of iron is an electrochemical process that begins with the transfer of electrons from iron to oxygen. The iron is the reducing agent (gives up electrons) while the oxygen is the oxidizing agent (gains electrons). The rate of corrosion is affected by water and accelerated by electrolytes, as illustrated by the effects of road salt on the corrosion of automobiles. The key reaction is the reduction of oxygen: O2 + 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  e− + 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  H2O → 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  OH− Because it forms hydroxide ions, this process is strongly affected by the presence of acid. Indeed, the corrosion of most metals by oxygen is accelerated at low pH. Providing the electrons for the above reaction is the oxidation of iron that may be described as follows: Fe → Fe2+ + 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  e− The following redox reaction also occurs in the presence of water and is crucial to the formation of rust: 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Fe2+ + O2 → 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Fe3+ + 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  O2−]†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(1) (Dufour , 01 Mar. 2014) The reasoning behind why the coatings work A galvanic anode is the main component of a galvanic cathode protection system. This protection system is usually referred to a (CP) system. The usage of a more reactive metal to be sacrificed instead of the metallic structure is known as sacrificial. The sacrificial anode is usually made from a metal that has a higher electric potential than that of the object being protected. This electrical potential causes the sacrificial anode to be corroded instead of the other ferrous material. Electro plating definition/ Apparatus [Electroplating is a process that uses electrical current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a coherent metal coating on an electrode. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.]†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) (Dufour 01 2014) This apparatus is used in the majority of tanks which is used to be able to coat metals with the ions in the solution. This is done when an electrical charge is applied to the apparatus and causes a flow in the ions of solution. This flow of elections causes the ions dissolved in the solution to coat the surface of the target metal. The usage of the same metal as is dissolved in solution insures that the overall concentration of ions in solution never diminishes and ensures that there is a continuous flow of the ions in the electrolyte solution. The oxidation processes of copper, nickel, And zinc Copper 2 CuSO4+ 2 Na2CO3+ H2O → Cu2(OH)2CO3+ 2 Na2SO4+ CO2 Nickel 2Ni(s) + Oà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡(g) → 2NiO(s) Zinc 2Zn(s) + O2(g) → 2ZnO(s) Both nickel and zinc do not react with water however the constant dissociation of the ions in salt water create a thin layer around the metals which is resistant to corrosion. Copper does the same thing as these other two metals however it does react with air and water to from a (patina) this patina is copper oxide layer. This copper oxide layer turns green and a highly resistant coating that is in susceptible further chemical oxidation. Research question How do different metal coatings affect the rate of Iron oxides forming on the surface of iron and iron alloys? The research question is to determine how through the plating of several different metals onto a steel strip the rate at which these steel strips become oxidized to become Iron oxide. To investigate the rate I am going to take these strips of steel, ensure that they are free of any oxidation, and coat them with exactly the same mass of each of the metals (Copper, Nickel, and Zinc). After measuring the mass of each of these cleaned pieces of metal I am then going to set up an electrolytic cell and plate three steel strips with copper. Then three with nickel ,then three with zinc and finally have three test strips to investigate how much of a difference ,if any, the coatings help the Steel to resist the formation of iron oxide Hypothesis I Believe that the copper coating will be the most proficient in saving the steel beneath it from any and all corrosion, The zinc would be second best in the prevention in the buildup of the rust as it would act as a sacrificial anode, finally when the nickel plated metal is to be weighed I believe that it will have seen the greatest increase in mass out of the differently coated metal strips. The copper coating would experience the least amount of corrosion. This is because the copper would form a small amount of oxide around the entire steel strip. This protective layer is the main reason that the steel strip would not be affected as much as the other metals. However if there is a piece of the protective coating that may become scratched there would be a significant increase in the rate of rusting by the steel strip. This significant increase in the overall rate of rusting is due to the fact that the iron alloy namely steel would act as a sacrificial anode and this particular trait would cause the formation of iron oxide to increase. The zinc coating would experience a very different accumulation of the oxidation. This is because the zinc will act as a Cathode protection system of the overall strip of steel. This protection system would cause an initial gain in mass however the sacrificial nature of the zinc, once all of the zinc has reacted, the iron would begin to rust. The nickel would be the least effective because it is even less reactive than the copper. This means that the effectiveness of the nickel would further increase the effectiveness of the steel as becoming a sacrificial anode this sacrificial anode would mean that rather than the iron being protected by the nickel the nickel would be protected by the corrosion of the steel strip. Variables Controlled The temperature of the solutions being electrolyised This may have increased the rate at which the electrodes were coated with the copper, nickel and zinc The salt content of the water the samples were placed next to This may have changed and there would have been an increase in the production of rust on the steel electrodes The balance that the masses were measured on Different balances may have changed the readings of the masses of the electrodes The molarity/ concentration of the solutions used to electroplate the steel electrodes A difference in the concentration of the solutions used may have caused excess etching of the steel and may have caused certain electrodes to become more or less oxidized. The mass of the electrodes that were electrolyised The mass of the electrodes was attempted to be kept the same however they were slightly different but each one was recorded. Independent The amount of time for which the electrodes were left to rust. Dependent The mass of rusting / oxidation present after two weeks Apparatus Methodology-Experimentation Placement of the steel cathode and the metal solutions source metal as an anode. Make sure both the steel strip and the copper anode as free of any corrosion/ oxidation before the submersion of the electrodes Make a 1 molar solution of copper sulphate /zinc chloride/Nickel chloride Fill a 100 cm ³ beaker with the .5 molar solution of the metal salt solution. Place a 2 volt charge onto the system Electrolyize till there is a thorough coating around the entire steel strip The coating will add around .5 grams of weight to the steel strip. Then take the electrode and gently place it on a piece of paper towel. Wait until the coated steel strip has dried thoroughly If necessary use steel wool to clean away any scum/ produce a shiny surface on the electro plated surfaces. Place the metal strips where they are exposed to both moisture and sodium chloride solution approximately the same as sea water.(22ppt) Measure the mass change of the metal after 2 weeks make any other observations such as color change. Raw data Copper Zinc Nickel Steel untreated (Control) Analyised Data-Graph Analysis of the graph This graph shows that the copper was the best at preventing the overall gain in the mass of the steel electrode. This prevention in the gaining of mass was mainly due to the fact that the copper made a complete coating around the entire steel electrode. This coating proved to create a thin film of copper oxide shown to be present on the surface of the electrode because of a slight green color that was beginning to form around the corners of the electrode. The zinc proved to be worse than even the control this was due to the fact that the zinc oxide formed also had mass and then the steel also started to become oxidized by the time the two weeks had passed. Although the areas of the electrode which were covered in the zinc oxide there was no iron oxide. The surface of the electrode was spotted with dark brownish red patches this means that there were small rust patches along with the zinc oxide which accounts for the slightly higher mass than that of the control. The reasoning behind why the nickel plated steel electrode had a high mass increase is because of the tendency of the sacrificial anode to be the most reactive metal. The nickel was a lot less reactive than the steel electrode. The fact that the steel electrode was higher along the reactivity series than that of the nickel used caused the steel to become â€Å"sacrificed† in the place of the nickel. This reason is why the steel was most affected in the coating containing the nickel. Conclusion After my testing the hypothesis was proven to be correct. This proving of the hypothesis allowed for me to be able to ascertain that the best way in which to treat steel was with a complete copper covering and secondly with a zinc coating . These two ways in which the metals may be treated are feasible in the fact that zinc bars are usually attached to underwater structures this prevention is known as CP system. This CP prevention is highly affective however it requires a lot of up keep and it does not completely protect the entire surface of the steel as was seen by my testing results. The only one of the results that seemed to have completely worked was the copper coating. The coating of the steel by copper created a hydrophobic coating of copper oxide. The copper oxide had a slight increase in the mass measured by the balance. This slight increase in the mass was due to the fact that the salty air was not able to reach the steel electrode. This prevention ultimately allowed for th e electrode to become protected from the oxidation. The overall way in which the metals were protected is going to allow for me to take my findings and apply them to the everyday usage in which I have begun to realize that we use both electrolysis and oxidation prevention on a daily basis. Possible improvements The amounts of retests as well as the length of testing may be increased this increase in length of testing can allow to see the amount of time taken for the complete disintegration of the metal. The increase of testing of the metals will allow for the in accurate nature for these results as well as the nature by which the metals have been protected from the corrosion. The accuracy of the testing may have been increased through the usage of metal which may have been free of corrosion unlike the metal which I have used. The metal that I used for my expirement had already been heavily corroded and I had to clean it with strong acid as well as to use some sand paper to clean the surface of the metal. After the cleaning of the metal I was only able to remove some of the corrosion. This major limitation of my expirement was that I wasn’t able to clean the corrosion which might have caused the copper coating not to adhere to the surface of the electrode. Finally the most major limit ation of my expirement was the time I had in which to complete the experiments. Firstly I had to wait for the materials to arrive for which to be able begin my expirement, my chemicals as well to get the metal strips cut from a long sheet. Bibliography Jim, Dufour. Electroplating.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 Mar. 2014. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating>. Rust.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 Aug. 2014. Web. 09 Jan. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust>. Seawater.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 Apr. 2014. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater American Experience: TVs Most-watched History Series.PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/streamliners-steel/>.

Office of National Drug Control Policy Essay -- Drug Abuse

Office of National Drug Control and the Present Threat Over the last decade, Southwest border violence has elevated into a national security concern. Much of the violence appears to stem from the competing growth and distribution networks that many powerful Mexican drug cartels exercise today. The unfortunate byproduct of this criminality reaches many citizens of the Mexican border communities in the form of indiscriminate street gang shootings, stabbings, and hangings which equated to approximately 6,500 deaths in 2009 alone (AllGov, 2012). That same danger which now extends across the border regions of New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California has the potential for alarming escalation. Yet, despite the violence, evermore-brazen behavior continues to grow, as does America’s appetite for drugs. Even though drug-related violence mandates that law enforcement agencies focus on supply reduction, the Office of National Drug Control Policy should shift its present policy formulation efforts to only drug demand reduction because t reatment and prevention efforts are inadequate and strategy has evolved little over the last three decades. Role of the ONDCP President Reagan established the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) following the passage of the Anti-Abuse Act of 1988 amidst mounting risk of drug dependence becoming more pervasive in American workplaces and schools. The legislation established the need for the federal government to make a good-faith effort in maintaining drug-free work places, schools, and drug abuse and rehabilitation programs for many users (Eddy, 2005). The early focus for the ONDCP’s was to curb the rising drug threat emanating from the drug cartels operating throughout South America, in... ...ved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/97472.pdf Office of National Drug Control Policy. (n.d.).AllGov: Everything Our Government Really Does. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from http://www.allgov.com/Agency/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy Reduce the Threat, Incidence and Prevalence of Violent Crime and Drug Trafficking: FY 2011 Overview. (2011).Intelligence (p. 6). Washington, D. C. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/jmd/2011factsheets/pdf/reduce-drug-trafficking.pdf Roberts, M., Trace, M., & Klein, A. (2004). Law Enforcement and Supply Reduction: Report Three (p. 15). Retrieved from http://www.beckleyfoundation.org/pdf/report_lawenforce.pdf White, F. E. (1988). Memorandum from Frank E. White to Donald L. Ashton, Drug Enforcement Agency, on Operation Snowcap dated March 8, 1988 (p. 12). Retrieved from http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB69/part1.html

Social Media and Violence

Why are so many young people turning to prescription drugs to get high? By survey, almost 50% of teens believe that taking prescription drugs is much safer than using illegal street drugs. Prescription drug abuse is a major issue that does not seem to be moving towards a solution. There's a reason why prescription drugs are intended to be taken under a doctor's direction if people don’t use them as they are to be taken, they can be extremely dangerous. Despite what many people think, abusing prescription drugs is not safer than abusing illicit drugs.The facts do state that prescription drugs can have dangerous short and long-term health consequences when used incorrectly or by someone other than they were intended for. Medicines are drugs that are intended to speed up or slow down or change something about the way your body is working, to try to make it work better. Sometimes they are necessary. But they are still drugs: they act as stimulants or sedatives, and too much can ki ll you. So if you do not use medicines as they are supposed to be used, they can be as dangerous as illegal drugs.People take drugs because they want to change something in their lives. Here are some of the reasons young people have given for taking drugs: * To fit in * To escape or relax * To relieve boredom * To seem grown up * To rebel * To experiment Young people think drugs are a solution. But eventually the drugs become the problem. To some it may be difficult to face problems, the consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem a person is trying to solve with them. The real answer is to get the facts and not to take drugs in the first place.Something that is not known by most young people is the risk they are taking by consuming these highly potent and mind altering drugs. Long term use of painkillers can lead to dependence, even for people who are prescribed them to relieve a medical condition but eventually get caught up in an addiction. In many cases, the dange rs of painkillers don’t surface until it is too late. In 2007, abuse of the painkiller Fentanyl killed more than 1,000 people. The drug was found to be thirty to fifty times more powerful than heroin. Association, 2012) Prescription painkillers are powerful drugs that interfere with the nervous system’s transmission of the nerve signals we perceive as pain. Most painkillers also stimulate portions of the brain associated with pleasure. So, while blocking pain, they produce a high. The most powerful prescription painkillers are called opioids. They are manufactured to react on the nervous system in the same way as drugs made from the opium poppy, like heroin. The most commonly abused opioid painkillers include oxycodone- is the number one abused prescription drug and has the greatest dangers.It is as powerful as heroin and affects the nervous system the same way, hydrocodone, meperidine, hydromorphone and propoxyphene. (htt2) According to the National Center on Addictio n and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, teens who abuse prescription drugs are twice as likely to use alcohol, five times more likely to use marijuana, and twelve to twenty times more likely to use illegal street drugs such as heroin, ecstasy and cocaine than teens who do not abuse prescription drugs. (Association, 2012)What is our government doing to help? In 2011 the Obama Administration with the help of the National Drug Control Strategy came up with a prescription drug abuse prevention plan and is as follows. * Education. A crucial first step in tackling the problem of prescription drug abuse is to educate parents, youth, and patients about the dangers of abusing prescription drugs, while requiring prescribers to receive education on the appropriate and safe use, and proper storage and disposal of prescription drugs. * Monitoring.Implement prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in every state to reduce â€Å"doctor shopping† and diversion, and enhance PDMPs t o make sure they can share data across states and are used by healthcare providers. * Proper Medication Disposal. Develop convenient and environmentally responsible prescription drug disposal programs to help decrease the supply of unused prescription drugs in the home. * Enforcement. Provide law enforcement with the tools necessary to eliminate improper prescribing practices and stop pill mills. (htt4)Prescription drug addiction is a huge problem and appears to be growing. All people of life are affected by prescription drug abuse. Drug abuse in any form is a very serious issue and should be addressed as quickly as possible. http;//kidshealth. org/teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/prescription_drug_abuse. html http://www. theantidrug. com/drugabuse/prescription-drug-rx-abuse/default. aspx http://www. whitehouse. gov/ondcp/prescription-drug-abuse Association, A. p. (2012). School Librarian's Workshop, 32(4), 6. In Dealing with drugs.

World War Ii Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London, Free Essays

World War Ii Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London, Free Essays World War Ii American History 252 Dr. Assignment # 3 During the beginning of the twentieth century, the United States launched an enormous industrial revolution that shaped the country into the worlds leading economy. On the day of President Roosevelts inauguration the depression had taken the country into economic chaos. He was forced to devise a plan that could restore the status of world power to the United States. The first step in Roosevelts social reform plan was to have the national

Word Choice There, Their and Theyre - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice There, Their and Theyre - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: There, Their and Theyre When writing, its easy to confuse the words there, their and theyre since they sound similar when spoken. Moreover, these words will not always be picked up by your spellchecker if used wrongly, so its easy for errors to creep into your work. How, then, can you make sure youve used them correctly in your work? Read on to find out! There (Location or Position) There is used to indicate the place of something. We can thus use it to refer to something in our immediate vicinity: Not the red car. I mean the green car over there. Or to refer to a place previously mentioned in the conversation: India? No, Ive never been there. It can also be used with the verb are to assert the existence of something: There are several cinemas in New York. Or to ask a question about whether something is present or existing: Is there a burger bar somewhere around here? Their (Possession) Their is a pronoun used to indicate third-person, plural possession. This means that it is used when describing something that belongs to a group of things or people: This is their ball; youd better give it back. You know its winter when the trees lose their leaves. Remember that the word theirs is a pronoun and used in the same way as his or hers. You do not need to add an apostrophe to show possession! Theyre (They Are) The apostrophe in theyre indicates that this is a contraction of they are: Theyre going to win the game. I think theyre coming over tonight. Its worth noting that contractions like theyre are often considered informal, so you should make sure to write they are in academic or professional documents. To check your writing for mistakes like these, why not send it to the professionals at Proofed?

Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Poems - Essay Example It has successfully preserved its lyrical tendency howsoever blunt and limited with vocabulary within the main characters domestic domain. Like any other ordinary case, Woman work thus altogether depicts in it a realistic common woman type whod often be found enumerating routinary tasks in a nearly resenting tone (as in the poems beginning). Its capability to sound as such suggests an image of the speaker as relative to the real picture of an individual under a working class whose wage doesnt go above average for otherwise she would have been able to afford a helper on whom to delegate a fraction of her load. Also, with the things in the list-to-do order, the poet wants the reader to imagine more how rustic and tough a life is for a single mother or a woman without a reliable parter to depend on. Such is an attribute of a poorly developed society where this case is most usual. Not only does the poem pertain to a traditional mother but also exemplifies a woman who volunteers or has ma de chief career out of social works in her poor community. The lines I got company to feed...the tots to dress, the can to be cut..then see about the sick, all attest to that. Similarly, the side of nature which the speaker seeks to attain as a resolution to the initial setting, provides further allusion to her economy. Having mentioned sunshine, rain, dewdrops, storm, sky, mountain, and oceans she can call her own greatly symbolizes a status that hopes for a rather inexpensive means to soften the stress out and build up comfort and peace without having to pay another human service where appropriate, since a mere freedom to experience such wonders of nature is free of charge. The natural sensibility brought by this attitude makes the poetic content literal and at the same time figurative for acquiring a good transition between contrasts as the irony begins adapting a normal tone and remains either subtle or neglects to assume much

Governance Regulations and Ethics in the UK Essay

Governance Regulations and Ethics in the UK - Essay Example Governance Regulations and Ethics Task 1: Economic Recession 1.0 Introduction In the book, in chapter one, there is a lot of emphasis on corporate responsibility towards ethical issues in management so as to conform to international set standards where the guidelines and management principles that conform across countries and cultures. In the film, it is clear that most countries especially America made attempts to set into place control mechanisms through various acts so as to ensure honest and moral conduct in business. The book brings into focus the dishonest by the investment companies when they undertook to promote internet stock companies they were quite aware would fail. This was in an attempt to precipitate the crisis by, in fact, defrauding innocent investors. This resulted in derivatives. This is an outright case of dishonest as business terms require such loyalty and obligation in the management of the corporations by people charged with the responsibility whether CEOs or employees. 2.0 Issues in the Movie Covered in the Existing Corporate Codes 2.1 The UK Corporate Governance Code of the year 2010 The UK Cooperate Governance Code of the year 2010 is mainly included with the aim of establishing a well a created board of governors for accompany or corporation through principles and rules, as opposed to rigid rules. The main Aim of the code is to ensure proper directorship of companies through the underlying principles of accountability, transparency, probity, and insight into sustainable success. It is clear that the financial crisis as reported in the movie, â€Å"The Inside Job’ was as a result of management of the business with the aim of success but without consideration of the eventual effect of such practices, which were fraudulent, in nature. This is in the book which defines better and acceptable ethical practices in the corporate world 2.2 Flaws in the Implementation of the Code Although the code in section 4 about governance sets out the moral practices of an organization through sound and upright board behavior, implementation, and adherence are not a guarantee. This is evident in the movie since the CEOs of the investment companies did not actually follow the guidelines, though they existed. The Lehman Brothers, for instance, ignored the moral and ethical guidelines and continued promoting borrowing to firms without the capability to remain in the market with that clearly in their knowledge. The firm had to crumble and come down in 2008. 2.3 Role of corporate Leadership in Disregarding the Code Leadership of the chairman of a board, the support is given to and by the chief executive officer and the openness and frankness to discussions by the directors is the key in this endeavor according to the governance code.

Documentary Expression and Thirties America Essay

Documentary Expression and Thirties America - Essay Example In the thirties the style of social documentary became popular, and was described as increasing the knowledge of public facts while sharpening it with feeling. Two notable exponents of this style were considered, both of whom employed the presentation of dramatic, and sometimes over emphasized, photographs accompanied by a written commentary. The distinction between art and photography and whether or not documentary expression owed its genesis from fiction or non-fiction was also explored. Finally the matter of ethics in the treatment and presentation of documentary imagery was discussed. Documentary Expression 3 Documentary Expression and Thirties America William Stott in his book Documentary Expression and Thirties America covers an enormous range of topics and much of it is in a highly discursive and rambling style. However, it is possible to subdivide it into four principal themes: Documentary, The Documentary Motive and the Thirties, The Documentary Nonfiction of the Thirties, a nd Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. First of all it is necessary to understand what he means by the documentary style. In its simplest form there are two possibilities: â€Å"an honest and reasonably objective report, or a case for the prosecution† (Stott, 1986). ... It was also held that such a documentary style did not rely upon information so much as â€Å"the power to move.† Stott suggests that while the purpose is to encourage social improvement – public education at its most altruistic – reality is more cynical in that its real purpose is to shape attitudes towards certain public facts. An example of this type of â€Å"expose journalism’ is to use a public figure or authority’s quotation to mean something else. For example, the head of the US Red Cross stated categorically, in answer to innocent sounding questions, that Red Cross personnel were noncombatants. He was unable to defend this stance when faced with the fact that when called up for military service these individuals were obliged to take the oath, Documentary Expression 4 imposed by Congress, requiring them to obey military regulations and act as combatants. Two contrasting examples of the documentary style in thirties America are contained in t he works of Bourke-White & Caldwell and Agee & Evans. In both cases one of the authors writes the commentary and the other provides a series of generally highly dramatic â€Å"propaganda† pictures. The question now arises, was the documentary style in the thirties; found in fiction and non-fiction, and in art and photography. The reverse of the former was really true; both fiction and non-fiction of the time owed something to the documentary style. Fiction was full of ‘real people’ and many writers tried to introduce social issues. The social documentary style was devised to give a sense of urgency to the representation of life as it was: reality with drama and a sharp tug at the emotions. In the case of non-fiction the genre usually relied upon simple issues:

Quotation essay Essay Example for Free

Quotation essay Essay We never appreciate the value of water until the well runs dry. The words in this quote, written by Benjamin Franklin, invite the reader to take a deeper more insightful glance into how possessions and people arent appreciated until the realization of their importance or value. Through literature, the author uses symbolism, comparisons, and theme to evaluate the importance of appreciation. The author, Benjamin Franklin, portrays meaning throughout the quote which relates to appreciating what you have. People dont realize what they have until its gone. When its gone, then you realize the importance of what you had. In a specific case in which the possession is a valued item, you tend to realize how much better off you were once you had it. Also, if what the quote was referring to specifically was a person, you sometimes realize you love or miss that person more than you expected to. It doesnt necessarily have to be a death, it could be someone leaving a job or moving. For example, I had an apple iPod. I didnt really pay much attention to it. When I lost it, then I realized its value and importance to me. This quote is also based on taking every little chance you get. Taking risks could mean something as simple as trying new things. The author, Ben Franklin portrays different meanings throughout the quote which relates to appreciating what you have and taking risks. The water and the well runs dry are two symbols that represent a friend, family member, or possession that is important to you. Franklin uses the water to represent the value of that specific person or possession to you. The well is used to symbolize the source of your opportunities. Referring back to what I mentioned about the subject being a person, this loved one  could also be the source of your opportunities or education. Until the well runs dry could refer to that person leaving and taking an opportunity with them. For example, the water could be a teacher thats trying to help you get into a good high school. But, you dont think you need their help. If that person leaves and moves on, you might not have as good as an opportunity like you did before when they were helping you. You then start to realize that there help was very important. Other than being a person, the water could relate to a possession. As I mentioned before, when I lost my iPod, I realized its importance. The water and well could symbolize the wealthy versus the poor. In this situation the well, source of opportunities, would be different. Therefore, those two symbols fully symbolize the parting of a loved one, a lost possession, or an important opportunity up until the realization of its true value and meaning you. The author uses the comparison of the value of water to the well. He does this to explain that people take opportunities as well as other people for granted. With this comparison, the subject must be an individual. For example, to a friendship situation, a friend could be taken for granted if you assume that he will always be ready to help you out even if you arent always ready to help him or her. Another example is an employee could be taken for granted by an employer, who makes no effort (such as raises in pay) to reward the employers long and faithful service. The theme of this quote is appreciation, which is basically similar to the meaning. Another theme that can be analyzed from the quote is taking people for granted. Taken for granted is like when you have something really special or important but you dont notice it. Also, grabbing opportunities while you can plays a big part in taking things for granted. For example, I wanted to join the recycling team. But, I kept stalling and not filling out the paper. As a result, the opportunity passed me by and I could no longer join. Franklins words personally relate to human experiences. As I stated earlier, I had an iPod but didnt realize how valuable it was to me until I misplaced it. This quote relates to life in different ways. Taking advantage of a  parent or teacher is one of these ways. For example, I depend on your mom or dad for almost everything. If something happens and Im mad at them, I sometimes wish things you dont mean. If they unexpectedly leave, I will then realize the importance of their role in my life. Franklins words connect to human experiences in various ways. This quote by Ben Franklin does not only relate to personal experience but also connects to the community + world. It connects to the community because people in a community or learning environment could take advantage of a teacher, or appreciate them more when theyre gone. For example, at my dance ministry we have a dance coordinator, Ms. Ferdinand. Sometimes some of the girls dont really agree with her decisions. But, if one day she decided to leave the ministry in the hands of someone else, they may not like it. That person may be very different from what we are used to. Another example could be some students hating a teacher. These examples have the same concept. If the teacher leaves they might not like the one that replaces them. When I was at dream yesterday, a student said Is Mr. Sue, the math teacher, coming back? The English teacher answered Probably not. The student then went on to say I like him better than the new teacher. The class then agreed with him. But, most of the kids in the class didnt really like Mr. Sue when he was around. They then realized that his method of teaching was more understandable than the one we have now. The English teacher then said you never appreciate the value of water, until the well runs dry. Think about that I said to her I am analyzing that quote in ELA. Therefore, they learned that they didnt really appreciate Mr. Sue until he was gone. We never appreciate the value of water until the well runs dry. The words in this quote written by Benjamin Franklin invite the reader to take a deeper more insightful glance into how possessions and people arent appreciated until the realization of their importance or value. A final example could be that when famous singers die, there music gets even more popular. This quote by Benjamin Franklin portrays meaning with relates to grabbing opportunities, appreciation, and taking things for granted.